Ionic Liquids Matrices for Laser Assisted Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) are molten salts with melting point below 100 °C. They have distinctive properties and thus they were used for catalysis, separations, mass spectrometry, and other.

They have been applied as ion pairing reagent for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), solvent for liquid-liquid extraction, stationary phases for chromatography and as solvents in electrochemistry. The materials have many properties that enhanced and improved the analysis using mass spectrometry.

In general, the typical mass spectrometer is consist of five parts; inlet for the sample, ion source, analyzer, detector and vacuum. The main roles of ionic liquids in mass spectrometry are mainly focused in the improvement of the analyte ionization, as solvent and as ion-pairing reagent for ESI-MS.The present review is a tutorial article for researchers who seek about the application of ionic liquids for mass spectrometry.

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Nanotechnology in Preparation of Semipermeable Polymers

Chemical engineering as a branch of engineering applies physical, chemical and life sciences with applied mathematics and economics to design large-scale processes for converting raw materials into useful forms and products. Advancement in chemical engineering helps in optimizing the industrial outputs.

Chemical Engineering Journal is an open access international peer reviewed publication that publishes recent advances on these topics. Seven research articles and a review article have been published in volume 6 issue 2 of the journal. Ahamed et al. in their research article described the synthesis of aminoguanidyl-chitosan imprinted polymers (AGCIPs) for the recovery of precious metals like gold and silver from aqueous solutions.

In the research article published by Shehu et al., the authors have successfully developed mesoporous membrane by using dip coated silica and zeolite for selectively removing Carbon dioxide from methane and to produce quality pipelines meant for natural gas. Shil et al. in their research article described the process of preparing Aluminum oxide from the industrial wastes by acid and alkali methods.

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Modern High Performance Liquid Chromatography and HPLC 2016 International Symposium

This year, our worldwide chromatography community will be celebrating 50 year anniversary of high performance liquid chromatography. 13 August 1966 Csaba Horvath and Seymour Lipsky are published in Nature their report about first high pressure separation of organic compounds on a self-packed ion exchange chromatographic column, entitled. “Use of Liquid Ion Exchange Chromatography for the Separation of Organic Compounds”.

Year latter was introduced first commercial HPLC instrument by Waters. To emphasize the major technological difference from typical at that time low pressure applications, HPLC meaning was “High Pressure Liquid Chromatography”.

Before 1966 liquid chromatography utilized either gravity flow or low pressure pumps for an eluent delivery. Typical applications there are protein separations using ion exchange and gel filtration, inorganic anion exchange chromatography and normal phase separations of various organic substances using self – packed silica columns. Isolation range was varied from analytical to preparative.

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Experimental Determination and Modeling of the Drying Curves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

The aromatic and medicinal plants are more used for several applications in pharmacy, medicine and food processing therefore the necessity of their preservation. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is usually used for medicine for several aims such as anti-inflammatory of the respiratory tract.

In addition, Eucalyptus camaldulensis oil is an important, most popular and widely used essential oil. In order to preserve this seasonal plant, and make it available to consumers during the whole year, it undergoes specific technological treatments, such as drying.The leaves are perishable in nature because of high moisture content. For the effective utilization of the leaves, the postharvest processing aspect is important so that the quality of the leaves can be preserved with enhanced shelf life.

Dehydration is a useful method of preserving the leaves; it enhances the resistance of high humid products against degradation by decreasing their water activity. Conventional air drying is the most frequently used dehydration operation in food and chemical industry due to its controllable conditions and less dependency on climatic conditions. However, studies on the drying characteristics of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves are scarce in the literature.

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A Novel Catechol Electrochemical Sensor Based on Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate

Recent decades, considerable efforts have been invested in the determination of phenolic compounds in environmental, industrial, agricultural, and food fields [1,2]. Phenolic compounds are released into environment by a large number of industries, such as coal mining, oil refinery, paint, polymer and pharmaceutical preparation.

Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites. They are not involved in growth and energy metabolism and are usually generated in response to environmental stress. Some of these phenolic compounds like phenol, hydroquinone, are also harmful to humans and animals. Catechol (CC, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene) is a phenolic derivative with several applications such as an antifungal preservative on potato plantations, a photographic and fur dye developer, and as an antioxidant.

Therefore, the determination of catechol is very important in environmental protection. Catechol undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone. Benzoquinone is said to be antimicrobial, which slows the spoilage of wounded fruits and other plant parts. Catechol is produced by the reversible two-electron, twoproton reduction of 1,2-benzoquinone.

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Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated p-Chloro-m-cresoln

P-Chloro-m-cresol (PCMC) which is also known as chlorocresol,  is used as an external germicide and bactericide agent. It has bactericidal activity against Gram positive and Gram negative organisms, along with yeasts, moulds and spores. It is also used as preservative for various pharmaceutical preparations like cosmetics, lotions, tanning agents, and topical corticosteroids. Other than that, it is also used in glues, paints and varnishes, and leather goods.

Moreover, it is used widely in eye drops, injections, shampoos and emulsions due to its disinfectant and antifungal properties. Its antiseptic property makes it suitable for use in heparin solutions, and in various creams for skin care and dermatological care. Apart from that, it is reported as potent activator of Ca2+ release mediated by ruthenium red/caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ release channel in skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Although PCMC is widely used in pharmaceutical preparations but its effectiveness was reduced due to some problems related to solubility and stability. Hence some alternative strategies are needed which can modulate the physicochemical properties of PCMC. The biofield treatment is an alternative strategy which is known to alter the properties of living and non-living materials.

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Assessment Of Heavy Metal Pollution And Contaminants In The Cattle Meat

Heavy metal toxicity is one of the major current environment health problems and is potentially dangerous because of bio-accumulation through the food chain (Aycicek et al., 2008) and this can cause hazardous effects on livestock and human health (Aschner, 2002). In general, the hazardous effects of these toxic elements depends upon the dietary concentration of the element, absorption of the element by the system.

Homeostatic control of the body for the element and also the species of the animal involved (Underwood, 1977). Heavy metal pollution has become a serious health concern in recent years, because of industrial and agricultural development.

Heavy metals of industrial bio-waste contaminate drinking water, food and air. The toxic heavy metals of great concern are Cd, Pb and Hg which are usually associated with harmful effects in men and animals. It is recognized that heavy metals may exercise a definite influence on the control of biological functions, affecting hormone system and growth of different body tissues (Teresa et al., 1997).