The rheology is defined as the
science of deformation and flow of matter. As a theoretical subject, the
rheology is a branch of physics and physical chemistry; commonly classified as
a branch of fluid mechanics. The rheology itself has been acknowledged as a
separate scientific branch since the mid 1920’s. All real materials will deform
to some extent when subjected to stress. If the material is an ideal liquid it
may” deform continuously” or flow when a force is applied.
For ideal solids the deformation
will be elastic. The relationship between the applied force and the resulting
deformation is a unique function of each specific material. For fluids, i.e.,
liquids and gases, this function is known as a rheological property of the
material. Fluids are classified by their rheological
behavior American Petroleum Institute. All fluids are classified as either
Newtonian or Non-Newtonian, the clearest distinction between different types of
fluids.
Flow in circular pipes can behave
in different ways. Most common fluids are transported in circular pipes.This
is because pipes can withstand a large difference in pressure between the
inside and outside of the pipe, without being significantly distorted. The
theory behind fluid flow is commonly well understood, yet only fully developed
laminar flow is theoretically obtained. Therefore flow with other
characteristics, like turbulent flow, must rely on experimental and empirical
relations. The borderlines between laminar, transitional and turbulent flow
regimes are set by the Reynolds number of the flow.
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