Large quantities of
water produced during oil and gas extraction, called produced water, are
generated in drought prone locations that are also experiencing an increase in
population. Produced water is a waste byproduct of the oil and gas industry;
however, with appropriate treatment and application to beneficial use, produced
water can serve as a new water supply . Additional water is often injected
into the reservoirs in order to achieve maximum oil recovery. Both the
formation water and the injected water are eventually produced along with the
oil and therefore as the field becomes depleted the produced water content of
the oil increases . As long as the oil production nonstop for next years the
produced water continual.
According subsequent data in South Iraq oil fields
supplied by petroleum development & research center and South Oil Company
the Production rate of produced water at 2003 for Basra oil fields/main pay was
found 107,621 bbl/d. The Production rate expected of produced water at 2025
for North Rumaila/ Main Pay reach to 500,000 bbl/d . In Iraq the current
water oil ratio is 1:5 , while in USA the current water oil ratio is 10:1,
for an annual total of about 3 billion tons, this is by some estimates the
largest single waste stream in the USA. Reinjection for enhanced recovery
or disposal accounts for as much as 95% of this water . The remaining
fraction is still considerable. Reinjection is not always feasible because of
geographic and cost considerations.Read more.......
No comments:
Post a Comment