A New Optical Sensor for Selective Monitoring of Nickel Ion Based on A Hydrazone Derivative Immobilized on the Triacetyl Cellulose Membrane

In the recent years, pollution of the environment by heavy metals has received considerable attention. Nickel is a moderate toxic element compared to other transition metals.

However, it is known that inhalation of nickel and its compounds can lead to serious problems, including respiratory system cancer. Moreover, nickel can cause a disorder known as nickel-eczema. Nickel is an excellent alloying metal in steel industry and is the metal component of the enzyme urease and as such is considered to be essential to plants and some domestic animals.

This metal normally occurs at very low level in the environment, so sensitive methods are needed to detect it in most environmental samples. Thus, the development of simple methods for selective determination of nickel in trace amounts in different matrices is critical.

PDF LINK

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Dan-Deng-Tong-Nao Capsules by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS

“Dan-Deng-Tong-Nao capsules” (DDTNCs) is a commonly used traditional Chinese formula medicine, which is prepared (extracted, purified and combined) from four commonly used Chinese herb drugs, including Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix Pueraria lobata, Erigeron breviscapus and Rhizoma chuanxiong.

DDTNCs have the ability of activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, removing obstruction in the meridians and heart-nourishing effects. It was usually used for the treatment of apoplexy and the syndrome of apoplexy involving both collaterals and meridians caused by obstruction of collaterals by blood stasis.

Chemical constituents of the four component herbs of DDTNCs have been intensively studied. However, little is known about the chemical composition of DDTNCs, and the current analysis methods could not reflect the quality of it.

PDF LINK

An Optical Sensor For Monitoring Nickel Selectively Using Immobilization Technology

In the recent years, pollution of the environment by heavy metals has received considerable attention. Nickel is a moderate toxic element compared to other transition metals.

However, it is known that inhalation of nickel and its compounds can lead to serious problems, including respiratory system cancer. Moreover, nickel can cause a disorder known as nickel-eczema. Nickel is an excellent alloying metal in steel industry and is the metal component of the enzyme urease and as such is considered to be essential to plants and some domestic animals.

This metal normally occurs at very low level in the environment, so sensitive methods are needed to detect it in most environmental samples. Thus, the development of simple methods for selective determination of nickel in trace amounts in different matrices is critical.

PDF LINK

Evaluation and Characterisation of Composite Mesoporous Membrane for Lactic Acid and Ethanol Esterification

Solvents play a major role in all stages of industrial manufacturing sector. The environmental and toxicological effects of solvents have become important in chemical processes.

Because environmental problems have threatened the natural order including climate change and global warming, a lot of research is being carried out to find environmentally safe chemicals and processes. Lactic acid is the simplest hydroxycarboxylic acid with an asymmetric carbon atom. It can be obtained from biomass, petroleum and coal.

Copolymers and polymers of lactic acid are known to be eco-friendly and are compatible due to their degradability mild products, which makes them desirable as an alternative petrochemical polymer.

PDF LINK

Thermodynamic Calculation of a Heat of First-Order Phase Transitions

A transition heat is the most important characteristics of first-order phase transitions. Black was first who discovered in 1762 that in the transfer of water to vapor, some quantity of heat is absorbed, which he termed the latent evaporation heat.

In spite of more than the two-hundred-year period of the heat transfer concept existence there are no analytical expressions relating the transition heat with other parameters of phase transitions.

For example, the fundamental "Physics Encyclopedia", articles devoted to the transition heat, evaporation heat, and so on, comprises no formulae but only tables of experimental data. One can also mention monographs which have no relationships except for the conventional definition of the transition heat λ=TΔS.

PDF LINK

Modern High Performance Liquid Chromatography

This year, our worldwide chromatography community will be celebrating 50 year anniversary of high performance liquid chromatography. 13 August 1966 Csaba Horvath and Seymour Lipsky are published in Nature their report about first high pressure separation of organic compounds on a self-packed ion exchange chromatographic column, entitled: “Use of Liquid Ion Exchange Chromatography for the Separation of Organic Compounds”.

Year latter was introduced first commercial HPLC instrument by Waters. To emphasize the major technological difference from typical at that time low pressure applications, HPLC meaning was “High Pressure Liquid Chromatography”.

Before 1966 liquid chromatography utilized either gravity flow or low pressure pumps for an eluent delivery. Typical applications there are protein separations using ion exchange and gel filtration, inorganic anion exchange chromatography and normal phase separations of various organic substances using self – packed silica columns.

PDF LINK

Chemical, Structural and Elemental Characterization of Biosorbents Using FE-SEM, SEM-EDX, XRD/XRPD and ATR-FTIR Techniques

Given the increased emphasis on the use of lignite and coconut shell-based activated carbon fiber (ACF), powdered oyster shell, and acidified powdered Pinus densiflora (Japanese red pine) pine cones as the prominent biosorbents for anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) adsorption, there have been surprisingly few studies undertaken to characterize the chemical, structural, and elemental composition of aforementioned samples.

The main aim of this study, therefore was to investigate the chemistry, structure, and mineralogy of lignite and coconut shell-based activated carbon fiber (ACF), powdered oyster shell, and powdered Pinus densiflora pine cones samples using multiple characterization techniques including x-ray diffraction (XRD)/x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM).

Multiple internal reflectance (MIR) or attenuated transform reflectance – fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). In addition, the samples were treated to determine the iodine number or iodine index for the characterization of the three samples.

PDF LINK