Effects of Different Oligosaccharides on Growth of Selected Probiotic Bacterial Strains

A wide variety of veterinary probiotic products is available over the counter. They are popular for the treatment of several conditions in small animals, mostly related to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract,where there is some evidence that they can alleviate symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. There have also been several attempts to assess potential health benefits of probiotics in chronic GI conditions in small animals. 

Even though a probiotic is defined as “a live organism which, if administered in adequate quantities, confers a health benefit to the host” proof of efficacy in specific conditions is often lacking, as most of these products are sold as health/ food supplements, not as drugs. More comprehensive reviews on their clinical efficacy in small animals can be found elsewhere. The term prebiotic is typically used to describe “non-digestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon, and thus improve host health” hence they are often dietary fibres.

Effect of the Pre-treatment on the Performance of MBR, Al-Kut WWTP, Wasit Governorate

Pilot scale experiments were carried out to examine the effect of the pre-treatment methods on the performance of MBR. The TITAN MBRTM module was used in this study. In order to investigate the effect of pre-treatment on the behavior of membrane, samples were collecting at different locations in Al-Kut WWTP, Wasite. 

The first samples group has been collected directly from the main source as raw sewage to determine its main characteristics of wastewater. The second group samples have been collected from outlet of Al-Kut WWTP (conventional treatment) and the third group and fourth group samples have collected from outlet of pre-treatment of MBR system and finally treated wastewater from MBR system. The study showed that the membrane bio-reactor filters out nearly all solids, the pre-treatment has a positive effect on the MBR performance, and the pre-sedimentation is more effective than fine screening. Moreover, aeration is considered as one of the intrinsic parameters in both hydraulic and biological process performances because of its ability to maintain solids in suspension, scours the membrane surface, limits fouling, and provide oxygen to the biomass, which results in a better biodegradability.